Between Romances of Chivalry and the Picaresque: The Prose Works of Francis Kirkman (1632-c.1680)
Abstract
This article explores the intersection of romances of chivalry and the picaresque through the
analysis of a selection of works in prose by the London writer and bookseller Francis Kirkman
(1632-c.1680), translator into English of Book VI of the Amadis cycle, continuator of Bellianis of Greece (Parts II-III) and of The English Rogue (Parts II-IV), and author of, among others, the biography of the impostor Mary Carleton, The Counterfeit Lady Unveiled, and of his own, The Unlucky Citizen. Taking Kirkman’s prose works as a case study, with a particular
focus on his autobiographical narrative, it will be seen how both genres, i.e. romances of chivalry and the picaresque, end up intertwining in seventeenth-century English literature.
Keywords
Francis Kirkman, picaresque, romances of chivalry, "Amadís of Gaul", "Bellianis of Greece", "The Unlucky Citizen"References
Anónimo, The English Rogue Containing a Brief Discovery of the Most Eminent Cheats, Robberies and Other Extravagancies by Him Committed, Londres, impreso para J. Blare, 1688.
Alfaro, Gustavo A., “El cuento intercalado en la novela picaresca”, Hispanófila, 40, (1970), pp. 1-8.
Álvarez-Recio, Leticia, “Introduction: The Iberian Books of Chivalry in English Translation”, en Iberian Chivalric Romance: Translations and Cultural Transmission in Early Modern England, ed. Leticia Alvarez-Recio, Toronto; Buffalo, University of Toronto Press, 2021, pp. 3-20.
Bernbaum, Ernest, The Mary Carleton Narratives, 1663-1673, A Missing Chapter in the History of the English Novel, Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1914.
Blecua Perdices, Luis Alberto, “Libros de caballerías, latín macarrónico y novela picaresca: La adaptación castellana del ‘Baldus’ (Sevilla, 1542)”, Boletín de la Real Academia de Buenas Letras de Barcelona, 34, (1972), pp. 147-239.
Capata, Alessandro, Semper truffare paratus. Genere e ideologia nel “Baldus” di Folengo, Roma, Bulzoni Editore, 2000.
Carleton, Mary, The Case of Madam Mary Carleton, Lately Stiled the German Princess, Truely Stated with an Historical Relation of her Birth, Education, and Fortunes; in an Appeal to his Illustrious Highness Prince Rupert, Londres, impreso para Sam: Speed y Hen: Marsh, 1663.
Cervantes, Miguel de, Don Quijote de la Mancha, ed. Francisco Rico, Barcelona, Crítica, 1998.
Chandler, F. W., The Literature of Roguery, 2 vols., Boston, Houghton Mifflin, 1907.
Chauchadis, Claude, “Los caballeros entre pícaros: contexto e intertexto en La ilustre fregona”, en Lenguaje, ideología y organización textual en las Novelas Ejemplares, ed. J. J. Bustos, Madrid, Universidad Complutense, 1983, pp. 191-197.
Cruz, Anne J., “The Pícaro Meets Don Quixote: The Spanish Picaresque and the Origins of the Modern Novel”, en Remapping the Rise of the European Novel, ed. Jenny Mander, Oxford, Voltaire Foundation, 2007, pp. 127-137.
Dickie, Simon, “Picaresque and Rogue Fiction”, en The Oxford History of the Novel in English: Volume 1: Prose Fiction in English from the Origins of Print to 1750, ed. Thomas Keymer, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2017, pp. 260-276.
Fuchs, Barbara, Knowing Fictions: Picaresque Reading in the Early Modern Hispanic World, Filadelfia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2021.
Garrido Ardila, J. A., ed., The Picaresque Novel in Western Literature: From the Sixteenth Century to the Neopicaresque, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2015.
Gerritsen, Johan, “The Dramatic Piracies of 1661: A Comparative Analysis”, Studies in Bibliography: Papers of the Bibliographical Society of the University of Virginia, 11, (1958), pp. 117-131.
Greene, Jody, “Francis Kirkman’s Counterfeit Authority: Autobiography, Subjectivity, Print”, Publications of the Modern Language Association, 121.1, (2006), pp. 17-32.
Greg, W. W., A Bibliography of the English Printed Drama to the Restoration, Vol. III: Collections. Appendix. Reference Lists, Londres, Oxford University Press for the Bibliographical Society, 1957.
Gunia, Inke, “Del pícaro español al English Rogue: La apropiación de la novela picaresca española llevada al estremo”, en La novela picaresca: Concepto genérico y evolución del género (siglos XVI y XVII), ed. Klaus Meyer-Minnemann y Sabine Schlickers, Madrid, Frankfurt, Iberoamericana Editorial Vervuert, 2008, pp. 545-568.
Head, Richard, The English Rogue: Described, in the Life of Meriton Latroon, a Witty Extravagant, Londres, impreso para Henry Marsh, 1665.
Head, Richard, The English Rogue Described, in the Life of Meriton Latroon, a Witty Extravagant Being a Compleat Discovery of the Most Eminent Cheats of Both Sexes, Londres, impreso para Francis Kirkman, 1668.
Huet, Pierre-Daniel, A Treatise of Romances and Their Original by Monsieur Huet, Londres, R. Battersby, 1672.
Johnston, Robert M., “Generic Polyphony and the Reader’s Exemplary Experience in Cervantes’ Rinconete y Cortadillo”, Revista Canadiense de Estudios Hispánicos, 16.1 (1991), pp. 73-85.
Joseph, Betty, “The Political Economy of the English Rogue”, The Eighteenth Century: Theory and Interpretation, 55.2-3 (2014), pp. 175-191.
Kirkman, Francis, The Loves and Adventures of Clerio & Lozia. A Romance, Londres, J.M., 1652.
Kirkman, Francis, “The Stationer, to the Judicious Reader”, en A Cure for a Cuckold. A Pleasant Comedy, John Webster y William Rowley, Londres, Tho. Johnson, 1661.
Kirkman, Francis, The Counterfeit Lady Unveiled. Being a Full Account of the Birth, Life, Most Remarkable Actions, and Untimely Death of Mary Carleton, Known by the Name of the German Princess, Londres, impreso para Peter Parker, 1673a.
Kirkman, Francis, The Unlucky Citizen Experimentally Described in the Various Misfortunes of An Unlucky Londoner Calculated for the Meridian of this City, Londres, Anne Johnson, 1673b.
Kirkman, Francis, The English Rogue Continued in the Life of Meriton Latroon, and Other Extravangants Comprehending the Most Eminent Cheats of Most Trades Professions, Londres, impreso para Francis Kirkman, 1680.
König, Bernhard, “Margutte, Cingar, Lázaro, Guzmán. Hacia una genealogía del pícaro y de la novela picaresca”, en Novela caballeresca y libros de caballerías. Homenaje ofrecido por sus discípulos y amigos, Salamanca, Semyr, 2003, pp. 105-136.
Lamb, Edel, “Youth Culture”, en The Ashgate Research Companion to Popular Culture in Early Modern England, ed. Andrew Hadfield, Matthew Dimmock y Abigail Shinn, Farnham, Ashgate Publishing Limited, 2014, pp. 31-42.
Lamb, Edel, “Books for ‘Childish Age’: Youthful Reading Cultures in Early Modern England”, en Reading Children in Early Modern Culture, Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan, 2018, pp. 71-106.
Main, C. F., “The German Princess; or, Mary Carleton in Fact and Fiction”, Harvard Library Bulletin, X (2) (1956), pp. 166-185.
Menéndez Pelayo, Marcelino, “Cultura literaria de Miguel de Cervantes y elaboración del Quijote”, en Obras Completas de Menéndez Pelayo, VI (Estudios y discursos de crítica histórica y literaria, I), Madrid, CSIC, 1941, pp. 323-356.
Moore, Helen, “Admirable Inventions: Francis Kirkman and the Translation of Romance in the 1650s”, en Seventeenth-Century Fiction: Text and Transmission, ed. Jacqueline Glomski y Isabelle Moreau, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2016, pp. 143-158.
Muñoz Sánchez, Juan Ramón, “La novela de Cervantes y las primeras novelas picarescas”, Revista de Filología Española, 93.1 (2013), pp. 103-132.
Newcomb, Lori Humphrey, “Literary Restoration: Francis Kirkman and the Canons of Pre-War Drama and Romance”, Analytical & Enumerative Bibliography, 12(3-4) (2001), pp. 229-240.
Newcomb, Lori Humphrey, Reading Popular Romance in Early Modern England, Nueva York, Columbia University Press, 2002.
Niemeyer, Katharina y Klaus Meyer-Minneman, “Cervantes y la picaresca”, en La novela picaresca. Concepto genérico y evolución del género (siglos XVI y XVII), ed. Klaus Meyer-Minnemann y Sabine Schlickers, Madrid, Iberoamericana, 2008, pp. 223-262.
Orme, Nicholas, Medieval Children, New Haven, Yale University Press, 2001.
Orr, Leah, “The English Rogue: Afterlives and Imitations, 1665-1741”, Journal for Eighteenth-Century Studies, 38.3 (2015), pp. 361-376.
Pardo García, Pedro Javier. “Apostillas a la recepción inglesa de los libros de caballerías hispánicos: imitaciones, cronología comentada y dos notas”, Historias Fingidas, 9 (2021), pp. 203-229.
Pardo García, Pedro Javier. “La primera imitación del Quijote en la prosa narrativa inglesa: The Essex Champion y los libros de caballerías en Inglaterra”, Historias Fingidas, 6 (2018), pp. 95-130.
Pérez Fernández, José María, “Picaresque in British and Irish Literature”, en Oxford Bibliographies, ed. Andrew Hadfield, Nueva York, Oxford University Press, 2014. DOI: 10.1093/obo/9780199846719-0102.
Pope, Randolph D., “The Picaresque and Autobiography”, en The Picaresque: A Symposium on the Rogue’s Tale, ed. Carmen Benito-Vessels y Michael O. Zappala, Newark, University of Delaware Press; Londres; Cranberry, NJ, Associated University Presses, 1994, pp. 69-78.
Rico, Francisco, ed., “Introducción”, Lazarillo de Tormes, Madrid, Cátedra, 1992.
Riley, Edward C., “La novela de caballerías, la picaresca y la primera parte del Quijote”, en La rara invención, trad. María Carmen Llerena, Barcelona, Crítica, 2001, pp. 203-215.
Rodríguez Álamo, Francisco de Borja, Cervantes y la picaresca, Tesis Doctoral, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 2015.
Rodríguez, Adriana Azucena, “Personajes y escenarios: motivos compartidos en Don Quijote y La pícara Justina”, Nueva Revista de Filología Hispánica, 64.1 (2016), pp. 149-165.
Rothstein, Marian, Reading in the Renaissance: Amadis de Gaule and the Lessons of Memory, Newark, University of Delaware Press; Londres, Associated University Presses, 1999.
Samson, Alexander, “Lazarillo de Tormes and the Picaresque in Early Modern England”, en The Oxford Handbook to English Prose 1500-1640, ed. Andrew Hadfield, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2013, pp. 121-136.
Sánchez Martí, Jordi, “John Shirley (fl. 1681-1702)”, en Los libros de caballerías en Inglaterra: 1578-1700, ed. Jordi Sánchez Martí, Salamanca, Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca, 2020, pp. 201-203.
Sánchez Martí, Jordi, y Rocío G. Sumillera, “The Iberian Books of Chivalry in Seventeenth-Century England”, en The Printed Distribution of the Iberian Books of Chivalry in Early Modern Europe, ed. Jordi Sánchez Martí y Rocío G. Sumillera. Brill, The Handpress World Series, en prensa.
Schoch, Richard W., “Restoration Booksellers as Theatre Historians”, en Writing the History of the British Stage, 1660-1900, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2019, pp. 48-74.
Simonova, Natasha, “Owning The English Rogue: Commerce and Reputation in Restoration Authorship”, Restoration: Studies in English Literary Culture, 1660-1700, 40.1 (2016), pp. 67-84.
Skwire, Sarah E., “Swept Up by Scandal - Francis Kirkman and His Counterfeit Lady”, Ranam: Recherches Anglaises et Nord-Américaines, 36.3 (2003), pp. 27-34.
Smith, Steven R., “The London Apprentices as Seventeenth-Century Adolescents”, Past & Present, 61 (1973), pp. 149-161.
Smith, Steven R., “The Ideal and Reality: Apprentice-Master Relationships in Seventeenth Century London”, History of Education Quarterly, 21.4 (1981), pp. 449-459.
Stanivukovic, Goran V., “English Renaissance Romances as Conduct Books for Young Men”, en Early Modern Prose Fiction: the Cultural Politics of Reading, ed. Naomi Conn Liebler, Nueva York; Londres, Routledge, 2007, pp. 60-78.
Sumillera, Rocío G. “Belianis of Greece, 1598-1700”, en Los libros de caballerías en Inglaterra, 1578-1700, ed. Jordi Sánchez Martí, Salamanca, Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca, 2020, pp. 141-162.
Sumillera, Rocío G. “Somewhat ‘of the Old Manner of Romances and Somewhat of the New’: Francis Kirkman’s Continuations to Don Bellianis of Greece”, The Seventeenth Century, 37.6 (2022): 291-323.
Turner, James Grantham, “‘Romance’ and the Novel in Restoration England”, Review of English Studies, 63 (2012), pp. 58-85.
Turner, James Grantham, “Cross-Sections (3): 1666-1670”, en The Oxford History of the Novel in English, I, Prose Fiction in English from the Origins of Print to 1750, ed. Thomas Keymer, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017, pp. 73-88.
Whinnom, Keith, “The Problem of the Best-Seller in Spanish Golden Age Literature”, Bulletin of Hispanic Studies, 57 (1980), pp. 189-198.
Wilson, Louise, “Serial Publication and Romance”, en The Elizabethan Top Ten: Defining Print Popularity in Early Modern England, ed. Emma Smith y Andy Kesson, Farnham, Ashgate, 2013, pp. 213-221.
Winton, Calhoun, “Richard Head and the Origins of the Picaresque in England”, en The Picaresque: A Symposium on the Rogue’s Tale, ed. Carmen Benito-Vessels y Michael Zappala, Londres, Toronto, University of Delaware Press, 1994, pp. 79-93.
Published
Downloads
Copyright (c) 2023 Rocio G. Sumillera
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
